Abstract To enhance the dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (BDD), the supersaturatable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) was developed by adding a water-soluble polymer PVP to prevent precipitation of the drug and maintain a supersaturate state in vivo. Ternary phase diagrams were drawn to evaluate the microemulsification domain. The formulations were characterized by testing the physical stability of the drug, particle size and zeta potential. The pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs was performed for the S-SMEDDS, SMEDDS formulation and the market drop pills. The optimized S-SMEDDS formulation consist of 35% (w/w) Cremphor EL35, 33% (w/w) Transcutol HP, 30% (w/w) MCT and 2% (w/w) PVPK30 of each excipient showed minimum mean droplet size (37.71 ± 0.87nm) and optimal drug release profile and better physical stability in water compared with the PVP absent SMEDDS. The in vivo studies showed that S-SMEDDS had significantly increased the Cmax and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) (P < 0.01). The S-SMEDDS formulation should be an effective oral dosage form for improving oral bioavailability of water-insoluble BDD.

Abstract Background: IGF-1 may be an important factor in bone remodeling, but its mechanism of action on osteoclasts during orthodontic tooth movement is complex and unclear. Methodology: The closed-coil spring was placed between the left maxillary first molar and upper incisors with a force of 50 g to establish an orthodontic movement model. Eighty SD rats were randomized to receive phosphate buffer saline or 400 ng rhIGF-1 in the lateral buccal mucosa of the left maxillary first molar every two days. Tissue sections were stained for tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP), the number of TRAP-positive cells was estimated and tooth movement measured. Results: The rhIGF-1 group exhibited evidential bone resorption and lacuna appeared on the alveolar bone compared to the control group. Moreover, the number of osteoclasts in compression side of the periodontal ligament in the rhIGF-1 group peaked at day 4 (11.37±0.95 compared to 5.28±0.47 in the control group) after the orthodontic force was applied and was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.01). Furthermore, the distance of tooth movement in the rhIGF-1 group was significantly larger than that of the control group from day 4 to day 14 (p<0.01), suggesting that rhIGF-1 accelerated orthodontic tooth movement. Conclusion: Our study has showed that rhIGF-1 could stimulate the formation of osteoclasts in the periodontal ligament, and accelerate bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement.

ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and feasibility of self-retaining bidirectional barbed absorbable suture application in retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy.Materials and MethodsFrom Sep 2011 and Aug 2012, 76 cases of retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy were performed at our hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: self-retaining barbed suture (SRBS) group (n = 36) and non-SRBS group (n = 40). There was no significant difference in age, sex, tumor size and location between the two groups. Clinical data and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAll 76 cases of retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy were successfully performed, without conversion to open surgery or serious intraoperative complications. In the SRBS group, the suture time, warm ischemia time and operation blood loss were significantly shorter than that of non-SRBS group (p < 0.01), and operation time and hospital stay were shorter than that of non-SRBS group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe application of self-retaining bidirectional barbed absorbable suture in retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy could shorten suture time and warm ischemia time, with good safety and feasibility, worthy of being used in clinic.

Foi desenvolvida uma nova abordagem de extração no ponto nuvem assistida por cossurfactantes ultrassônicos-termostáticos (CUS-CPE), combinada à cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e detecção por ultavioleta (CLAE-UV), para a análise de glicocorticoides (dipropionato de beclometasona (BD), butirato de hidrocortisona (HB) e fenilpropionato de nandrolona (NPP)) em amostras de urina humana. Neste estudo, quatro sistemas de extração diferentes no ponto nuvem (CPE) são discutidos, incluindo ácido nonanoico DC-193, sulfato de sódio DC-193, ácido láurico DC-193 e o clássico sulfato de Triton X-100. Entre eles, sulfato de sódio DC-193 e Triton X-100 têm sido estudados nos últimos anos. Comparando com os dois primeiros sistemas, o ácido nonanoico DC-193 teve um ponto nuvem (CP) mais baixo, pouca absorbância UV e provocou danos menores à coluna de três glicocorticoides na mesma concentração de agente tensoativo, necessária como processo de pré-concentração, prévio à CLAE. Diagramas de fase foram usados para estudar os comportamentos de cavitação e transferência de massa das duas fases em micelas de agente tensoativo de silicone orgânico do tipo poliéter, dimeticona PEG-12 (DC-193). Os volumes da fase rica em agentes tensoativos obtidos foram muito pequenos (o fator de enriquecimento (EF) foi 35), o qual é muito menor e apresenta uma fase de separação mais rápida do que para Triton X-100 na mesma concentração de agente tensoativo. A linearidade foi investigada entre 1 e 350 ng mL-1. Os limites de detecção (LOD) estimados foram 1,29 para BD, 2,67 para HB e 3,33 ng mL-1 para NPP, respectivamente. O sistema proposto é rápido e eficiente, com recuperação dos três glicocorticoides superior a 85%, o que é similar ou melhor do que os dados relatados na literatura. O método mostrou-se seletivo, linear, preciso e reprodutível, tendo sido aplicado com sucesso na análise de glicocorticoides em amostras de urina humana.

A novel approach, cosurfactants ultrasonic-thermostatic-assisted cloud point extraction (CUS-CPE) combined with high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) is developed for the analysis of glucocorticoids (beclometasone dipropionate (BD), hydrocortisone butyrate (HB) and nandrolone phenylpropionate (NPP)) in human urine samples. In this study, four different cloud point extraction (CPE) systems are discussed, including DC-193-nonanoic acid, DC-193-sodium sulfate, DC-193-lauric acid and the classic Triton X-100 sulfate systems. Among them, DC-193-sodium sulfate and the classic Triton X-100 sulfate systems has been studied in the past few years. Comparing with the first two systems, DC-193-nonanoic acid system had a lower cloud point (CP), little UV absorbance and it is less damaging to the column of three glucocorticoids in same surfactant concentration which was required for application as a pre-concentration process prior to HPLC. Phase diagrams were used to study the cavitation and mass transfer behaviors of the two phases on micelles of polyether type organic silicon surfactant, PEG-12 dimethicone (DC-193).The volumes of surfactant-rich phase obtained were very small (the enrichment factor (EF) was 35), which was much smaller and had a quick phase separating speed than that of Triton X-100 in the same surfactant concentration. Linearity was investigated from 1 to 350 ng mL-1. The limits of detection (LOD) thus estimated were 1.29 for BD, 2.67 for HB and 3.33 ng mL-1 for NPP, respectively. In proposed CPE step is rapid and effective to obtain recovery of three glucocorticoids higher than 85%, which is similar or better than literature reported data. The method was shown to be selective, linear, precise and reproducible and successfully applied for the analysis of glucocorticoids in human urine samples.